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TIME: Almanac 1995
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TIME Almanac 1995.iso
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0719351.000
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1994-03-25
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<text id=93TT2021>
<title>
July 19, 1993: Chicken Pox Conundrum
</title>
<history>
TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1993
July 19, 1993 Whose Little Girl Is This?
</history>
<article>
<source>Time Magazine</source>
<hdr>
MEDICINE, Page 53
Chicken Pox Conundrum
</hdr>
<body>
<p>Should all children be vaccinated? The government weighs the
risks of preventing a mild disease.
</p>
<p> Since chicken pox is just an itchy nuisance for most kids rather
than a real danger, American health officials have been in no
great hurry to come up with a vaccine. A shot was developed
in Japan and has been tested in the U.S. for a decade, amid
criticism that the effort was not worth the expense. Now, at
long last, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
is preparing to decide whether all kids should be protected
against the pox.
</p>
<p> The vaccine would have clear virtues. Despite its less-than-fearsome
reputation, chicken pox causes up to 100 deaths a year, can
in rare instances produce birth defects, and is responsible
for untold millions of dollars in wages lost by parents staying
home to tend to their sick children.
</p>
<p> But vaccination may have risks of its own. The problem lies
with the nature of the chicken-pox virus. After you get it,
you always have it in your body. Normally you only suffer from
chicken pox once, but the virus can flare up again later in
life, producing shingles, a painful skin rash. The vaccine is
a weakened form of the virus, and it too may be harbored in
the body forever. The debilitated virus could conceivably spring
to life years after the vaccination, and no one knows what damage
might occur. Another danger is that the vaccine may not confer
lifelong immunity and will therefore make a person vulnerable
to chicken pox during adulthood, when the disease can be more
serious. "It's impossible in the experimental studies preceding
licensing to study a vaccine's effects for 50 years," says Dr.
Caroline Hall of the American Academy of Pediatrics. "To the
best of our knowledge, the varicella vaccine is safe."
</p>
<p> Then there is the economic issue. In a 1985 study, the CDC determined
that the medical costs of treating chicken pox were not great
enough to warrant spending the money on a national immunization
program. However, when the indirect costs of missed work and
school time are factored in, advocates say, the U.S. could save
five times as much as it would spend on the vaccine.
</p>
<p> On the whole, the U.S. medical community seems to favor approving
the vaccine. Even in healthy children, chicken pox can weaken
the body so that it is susceptible to more hazardous bacterial
infections. By warding off chicken pox, the vaccine could prevent
secondary complications. In addition, 10 years' worth of data
in the U.S. suggest that the vaccine could reduce the incidence
of shingles. If the CDC decides that these advantages outweigh
the possible risks, getting itchy scabs all over the body may
no longer be a rite of childhood.
</p>
<p> By Christine Gorman. Reported by Alice Park/New York
</p>
</body>
</article>
</text>